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Logical Reasoning · Unit 4

Logical Problems & Puzzles: MDCAT Notes and MCQs

Approach to puzzles

  1. Read all clues; list the entities (people, days, colours, positions).
  2. Build a grid/table and mark definite facts (✓) and eliminations (✗) first.
  3. Use conditional clues ("if… then") after placing fixed ones; try cases when two options remain.
  4. Re-check every clue against your final arrangement.

Handy facts

  • Clock angle = |30H − 5.5M| degrees (take 360 − θ if > 180). Hands coincide ≈ every 65 5/11 minutes (11 times in 12 h).
  • Calendar: ordinary year has 1 odd day, leap year 2. Same date next ordinary year falls one weekday later.
  • Ages: set the unknown as x, write the relations as equations.
  • Handshakes among n people = n(n − 1)/2.
PMDC learning outcomes for this unit
  • Puzzles: 5.4.1 Infer result of one problem to resolve another problem.
  • Puzzles: 5.4.2 Develop skills to solve puzzles.

Logical Problems & Puzzles MCQs with answers

Practise and track your score →
Q1
What is the angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock at 3:00?
A60°
B90°
C180°
D120°
Show answer
Answer: B (90°). |30 × 3 − 5.5 × 0| = 90°.
Q2
What is the angle between the hands of a clock at 3:30?
A75°
B60°
C105°
D90°
Show answer
Answer: A (75°). |30 × 3 − 5.5 × 30| = |90 − 165| = 75°.
Q3
In a meeting, 6 people each shake hands once with every other person. How many handshakes take place?
A36
B12
C15
D30
Show answer
Answer: C (15). n(n − 1)/2 = 6 × 5 / 2 = 15.
Q4
Five friends sit in a row. Ali is to the left of Bilal; Bilal is to the left of Saad; Saad is to the left of Danish; Danish is to the left of Ehsan. Who sits in the middle?
AAli
BSaad
CDanish
DBilal
Show answer
Answer: B (Saad). Order: Ali, Bilal, Saad, Danish, Ehsan — Saad is third.
Q5
A father is 3 times as old as his son. After 15 years he will be twice as old as his son. What is the son's present age?
A25
B20
C10
D15
Show answer
Answer: D (15). 3x + 15 = 2(x + 15) → x = 15.
Q6
If today is Monday, what day will it be after 23 days?
ATuesday
BThursday
CWednesday
DFriday
Show answer
Answer: C (Wednesday). 23 = 3 weeks + 2 days → Monday + 2 = Wednesday.